单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 2,Grammar and usage,Grammar and usage,Preposition+,which,and,Preposition,+whom,定语从句,(Attributive Clauses),在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即,先行词,。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词,(,关系代词或关系副词,),引出。,关系代词有：,who,whom,whose,that,which,等。,Revision,Is he the man,who/that,wants to see you?,He is the man(,whom/that,),I saw yesterday.,They rushed over to help the man,whose,car had broken down.,A prosperity,which/that,had never been seen before appears in the countryside.,The package(,which/that,)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.,介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用,which,代物、,whom,代人。,(,介词在末尾时,关系代词可以省略,),Can you tell me,for whom,you are working?,There is a big hole on the wall,through which,he can see whats happening inside.,The train,by which,he is traveling is arriving.,In the dark street,there wasnt a single person,to whom,she could turn for help.,He found something,about which,to write,(=he could write about).,1),This is the,hero,(who/whom),we are proud of.,This is the,hero,of whom,we are proud.,This is the,hero,(that),we are proud of.,2),She is the,girl,(,who/,whom),I went with there.,She is the,girl,with,whom,I went there.,She is the,girl,(,that),I went with there.,3),The,room,(that),I live in is very big.,The,room,(,which),I live in is very big.,The,room,in which,I live is very big.,The,room,where,I live is very big.,注意：,固定动介词组不可分割,即介词不能提前。例如,:look after,look at ,This is the boy,(whom)she has taken care of,.,这就是那个她照顾的非常好的男孩。,That is a problem,(which/that)we should pay close attention to,.,这是一个我们应该密切关注的问题。,“,介词,+,关系代词,”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：,根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。,如：,The fellow,to whom,I spoke made no answer at first.(speak to),The West Lake,for which,Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.(be famous for).,介词的选用,根据先行词来确定介词。,如：,Yesterday we had a meeting,at which,we discussed many problems.(at the meeting),根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。,如：,In front of the house Tom is planting a tree,under which,he will be able to sit and read some day.,1.This is the car _which I bought last year.,2.This is the car _ which I paid$100.,3.This is the car _ which I spent$100.,4.This is the car _ which I go to work every day.,5.This is the car _ which I cant go to work.,/,for,on,by,without,Fill in each blank with a proper preposition if necessary.,6.This is the car _ which the old man was knocked down.,7.This is the car _ which a boy threw a stone.,8.This is the car _ which we talked.,9.This is the car _ which the window was broken.,by,at,about,of,She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction,_,had taken more than three years.,答案：,of which,解析：介词+关系代词引导因定语从句。the construction of which表示“博物馆的建设”。,例题解析,Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.,答案：,to which,解析：考察“介词,+which”,的用法。原句是：,Wind power is an ancient source of energy which/that we may return to in the near future.,In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.,【,答案,】of whom,【,解析,】,本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词,them,而应用关系代词,whom,引导定语从句在,46,个学生当中，表所属，应用,of,。,The children,_ had played the whole day long,were worn out.,解析：,all of whom,。考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，介词,of,后用,whom,指代着前面的,children,。,解题思路：,1.,数谓语，句子中有两个谓语，需要连词；,2.,确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句；,3.,先行词是人，故答案为,all of whom,。,Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.,【,答案,】which/whom,【,解析,】,试题分析：句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。,it,不能引导定语从句；,that,不用于介词之后；,whose,作定语，其后需有名词；,depend on/upon,依靠，依赖，介词后只能用,which,或,whom,来构成定语从句的引导词。,Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.,in which,Fill in the blanks with proper words.,1.The teacher_ _ I learnt most was Mrs.Zhu.,2.This is the house_ _ Lu Xun once lived.,3.He will never forget the day _ _ he came to Beijing.,from whom,in which,on which,4.The reason _ _ I came here is that I want to get your help.,5.The fellow _ _ I spoke made no answer.,6.The West Lake,_ _ Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.,7.This is the shop _ _ my daughter works.,for which,to whom,for which,in which,8.The pencil _ _ he wrote was broken.,9.She has three children,all _ _ are at school.,10.The policeman _ _ the thief was caught is an old man.,11.I was surprised at the way _ _ he treated the old man.,with which,of whom,by whom,in which,Grammar and usage,Relative adverbs:,when,where,and,why,引导定语从句的,关系副词,有,when,where,why,等。它们和关系代词一样放在先行词的后面起引导作用，同时在定语从句中分别充当,时间,、,地点,和,原因,状语。,1).,when,指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。,如：,Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time?,2).,where,指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。,如：,Can you show me the house where Shakespeare lived?,3).,why,指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。,如：,I dont know the reason why he didnt tell it to his father.,关系副词,when,where,why,的含义相当于“介词,+which”,结构，因此常常和“介词,+which”,结构互换。,例如：,There are occasions,when,(=on which)one must yield.,Beijing is the place,where,(=in which)I was born.,Is this the reason,why,(=for which)he refused our offer?,关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，