单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Unit 1,Grammar and usage,Noun clauses,Read the sentences below.,This,book,is very useful.,Mary is to meet you at the,airport,.,She is a,writer,.,He finished his,task,on time.,We made Tom our,monitor,.,He got three,gold,medals at 23rd Olympic Games.,The meeting lasted two,hours,.,Mr.Smith,our,leader,is speaking now.,That she was chosen,made us very happy.,We heard the news,that our team had won.,He has told me,that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow,.,The problem is,when we can get a pay rise,.,相关概念,1.名词,：,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词的句法作用：,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。,3.名词性从句,：,在英语的复合句中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语或同位语，由一个句子来当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,4.名词性从句的种类：,根据从句在句子中所充当的不同成分，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句,noun clause,主语从句,subject clause,宾语从句,object clause,表语从句,predicative clause,同位语从句,appositive clause,1.,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语,1),That he will succeed,is certain.,2),Whether he will go there,is not known.,3),What he said,is not true.,4),Where he hid the money,is to be found,out.,5),Whoever,comes,is welcome.,6),Its,certain,that he will succeed,.,1),whether,可以引导主语从句放句首,但,if,不能。,2)为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经,常用,it,作形式主语,主语从句放在后,面作真正的主语。,注意,It is,well known/reported /thought/said,that,It is,clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful that,It is,a pity/a shame/an honour,that,It,doesnt matter,whether,It,seems,that,It,happens,that,2.,宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）,1)They know,that,the habit will kill them.,2)It all depends on,whether they will support us.,3)He asked,how much I paid for the violin.,4)He made,it,clear to the public,that he did an important and necessary job.,5)I find,it,necessary,that we should do the homework.,1),whether,和,if,都可以引导宾语从句,a.,当,whether,后紧跟,or not,时,不用,if,。,I dont know whether I will stay or not.,b.,介词后面的宾语从句不能用,if,。,I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,2)that,在宾语从句中的省略与保留,注 意,a.,在主谓,+it(,形式宾语,)+,宾补,+that,从句,(,真正宾语,),的句型中不省略。,We must make it clear that we mean what we say.,b.,由连词,and,连接的两个由,that,引导的宾语从句中,第二个,that,不省略。,He told me(that)he would come and that he would come on time.,3.,表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。,作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：,that/whether/as if/as though,（if,不引导表语从句),连接代词：,who/whom/whose/which/what,连接副词：,when/where/why/how/because,The question is,whether we can rely on him.,Thats,because we were in need of money at that time.,He looked,as if he was going to cry.,Thats,why I was late.,1.,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用,whether,不能用,if。,2.,一般情况下，,that,不能省。,3.It is/was because.,It is/was why.,4.The reason(why/for)is/was that.,5.The reason is that,注 意,4,.,同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分,其一般跟在一些抽象名词,(idea;,belief;effect;truth;problem;news,等,),后面,对名词作进一步解释说明。,同位语从句常用,that,引导或用连接副词,when/where/why/how/whether,。,Sydney,kept his,promise,that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,1),The idea,that computers can recognize human voices,surprises many people.,2),Word,came,that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.,如何区别引导名词从句的,whether,与,that?,两者都可引导主语从句，其区别主要应从句意来考虑：,whether,表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；,that,引导主语从句时，本身没有词义,(that,在其他名词性从句中也没有词义,),，但是由,that,引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较,:,a.That he can finish it in two hours is clear.,他能在两小时内完成它，这是显然的。,b.Whether he can finish it in two hours is a question.,他能否在两小时内完成它还是问题。,As many five courses are provided,and you are free to choose _ suits you best.,【,答案与解析,】,考查名词性从句。所填词引导的从句做动词,choose,的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语。意思是：无论哪件。,whichever,典型例题,Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.,从句考查，宾语从句不缺少成分用,that,引导。,that,It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.,考点：考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。解析：,it,作形式主语，真正的主语为,that he had left his keys in the office,。且,that,在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。,that,Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time.,本题是一形式主语句型。考查名词性从句引导的用法。根据空后的,or,可知为,whether,or,短语。复合句、名词性从句、主语从句、形式主语、引导词,whether,。,whether,Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.,【,解析,】,分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“,Evidence”,的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“,that”,作为引导词。,that,A ship in harbor is safe,but thats not _ ships are built for.,【,解析,】,试题分析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。,isnt,后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的,for,后缺少宾语，用,what,引导，,what,与,for,连用，表示目的。故答案为,what,。,The exhibition tells us _ we should do something to stop air pollution.,【,解析,】,试题分析：本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故答案为,why,。,From space,the earth looks blue.This is _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.,【解析】考查表语从句。根据句意：地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为其表面71%是被水覆盖的。,答案,because。,_,the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.,【,解析,】,本题是名词性从句中的主语从句。句义：被延误的航班何时起飞要取决于天气,。根据,句义说明使用,when,。,1._Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.,What,2.The shockin