单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,0,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,0,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,素养提能训练,被动语态,Somebody cleans this room every day.,This room is cleaned every day.,basic information,compare,主动语态,被动语态,英语动词有两种语态：,主动语态,和,被动语态,。,主动语态中主语是动作的,执行者,，,被动语态中主语是动作的,承受者,。,PART-ONE,When we use passive voice?,How to use passive voice?,usage,1.,使用被动语态的几种情况,(1).,不知道或不必提及动作的执行者,这类被动句的特点是不用by引出动作的执行者。,Printing,was introduced,into Europe from China,（,by sb,）.,(2).,强调、突出动作的承受者时,强调动作的承受者，,把承受者作为谈话的中心时,，用被动语态。这类被动句可以用by引出动作的执行者，也可以不用。,Many buildings,were destroyed,in the big fire.,usage,1.,使用被动语态的几种情况,(3).出于礼貌或某种原因,，,避免说出动作的执行者时,You,will be contacted,.,我们会和你联系的。,(4).公告、通知、新闻报道、报纸标题、科技文章中-,客观,/,礼貌,Rubbish,is,strictly,prohibited,here.,此处严禁倒垃圾。(公告),Satisfaction,Guaranteed,/Man,wanted,.,usage,2.,常见时态的被动语态,basic structure,：,主语,+,be,+done(,动词过去分词,)+,其他,！,在,“,be+,动词过去,分词”结构,中，,助动词,be,有时态、人称和数的变化,，变化规则与系动词,be,相同,。,双宾语情况：,give,send,take,bring,teach,tell,offer,sing,buy,promise,make,write,ask,lend,show,pay,被动句时：,一般把“人”提前作主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加,to,或,for,。,give sb sth-sb be given sth/sth be given to sb,时态语态：,be done,时态,主动语态,被动语态,一般现在时,do/does,一般过去时,did,一般将来时,will do,过去将来时,would do,现在完成时,have/has done,过去完成时,had done,现在进行时,am/is/are doing,过去进行时,was/were doing,含情态动词的被动,should/can/must/might do sth,am/is/are done,was/were done,will be done,would be done,have/has been done,had been done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,should/can/must be done,2.,一般过去时,:,1.,一般现在时,:,3.,一般将来时,:,4.,现在进行时,:,5.,现在完成时,:,was/were+done,The street is cleaned(clean)by the dustmen every morning.,These books were written(write)in 1969.,Some pine trees will be planted(plant)in the park tomorrow.,A new bridge is being built(build)over the river now.,All the letters have been posted(post)so far.,will be+done,am/is/are being+done,have,/has been+done,小试牛刀,am/is/are+done,判断是否被动,-,时态,-,具体结构,小试牛刀,The roads were being widened(widen)last week at this time.,She had said that the bridge had been washed(wash)away by the flood.,The baby must be looked(look)after well.,6.,过去进行时,:,7.,过去完成时,:,8.,含有情态动词,:,was/were being+done,had been+done,must/can/may+be done,1.That play_,_,(put)on again sometime next month.,2.,The book,_,(print)now and will come out,soon.,3,.Planes,cars and trains,_,(use)by business,people for travelling.,4,.,A,beautiful horse,_,(draw),by John the other day.,5.,The old man is ill.,He,_,(must send)to,hospital at once.,6.What,is done cannot _.(undo,),will be put,are used,was drawn,is being printed,must be sent,小试牛刀,be undone,木已成舟。,PART-,TWO,被动语态的要点！,不能用于被动语态的情况,要点,1,（,1,）有些及物动词,/,短语不能用于被动，常见的有：,have,有,cost,花费,lack,缺少,own,拥有,belong to,属于,take part in,参加,（,2,）不及物动词和短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：,happen/take place/occur,发生,remain,剩下,break out,爆发,last,持续,come out,出版,come up,被提出,lose heart,失去信心,date from/date back to,追溯到,run out,用完,主动形式表被动意义的情况,要点,2,1.,连系动词,（如 look,appear,seem,sound,taste,smell,feel；,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep,prove,turn out to be,等）,+adj/n.,构成系表结构时，,用,主动形式表示被动意义,。,道理是，“事物”作句子,主语给人在感官上某种感觉,不用被动语态。,His suggestion,sounds,great.,他的建议听起来不错。,Silk,feels,smooth.,丝绸摸起来光滑。,The news,proves to be/turns out to,be true.,消息被证明时真的。,主动形式表被动意义的情况,(2),不及物动词：,sell,wash,cut,read,wear,write,run,burn,clean,shut,start,open,等后带状语,well,easily,smoothly,等,.,用主动表达被动含义：表示主语内在,品质或性能,The material has,worn,thin.,磨薄了。,The cloth,washes/sells,easily.,这布很耐洗,/,很畅销,The poem,reads,smoothly.,这首诗读起来很顺畅。,This oven,cleans,easily.,这烤箱,oven,容易擦洗。,The door,wont shut,and the car,wont start,.,门关不上，车发动不了。,The library,doesnt open,on Sundays.,图书馆星期天不开门。,要点,2,(,3,),.在need,want,require+V-i,ng,表示被动，意为需要做,;,deserve/be worth/bear+V-ing”表示被动，意为“值得/应当做,.,”。,=need/want require to be done/=deserve/be worth/bear to be done,主动形式表被动意义的情况,要点,2,The house needs cleaning.,The house needs _.,The movie is worth seeing.,The movie is worth _.,to be cleaned,to be seen,主动形式表被动意义的情况,要点,2,The,question is,difficult to answer,.,Volleyball match,is very,interesting to watch,.,(,4,),.在“be+形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。常见形容词有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit 等。,这个问题很难回答。,排球比赛很好看。,(5).,“get+,过去分词,”,也可以表示被动含义。此时,get,失去原有的意义，更接近,be,的功能：,get married,结婚,;,get paid,获得报酬,;get hurt,受伤,;get trapped/stuck/caught,被困,get lost,迷路,；,get drunk,喝醉了；,get dressed,穿好衣服,；,get run over,被,(,车,),轧,主动形式表被动意义的情况,要点,2,You should protect your skin to avoid,getting,(sunburn)when you go out in the hot sun.,sunburnt,(6)“it+be+,过去分词,+,从句”式的被动结构,-,据,v;,人们都,v.,e.g.,Its said that,she has some supernatural powers.,Its reported that,they have discovered a new star.,常见的结构还有：,It is hoped that,It is well known that,It is believed that,It must be pointed out that,表被动意义的结构,要点,2,1.The flight must _(book)by tomorrow.,2.The twins _(look like)their mother.,3.She _(invite)to Jacks 16th birthday party in New Jersey yesterday.,4.The pizza _(taste)delicious without any cheese at all.,be booked,look like,was invited,tastes,5.The company believes the products will _(sell)well in the run-up to Christmas.,6.The s