单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,定语从句,The Attributive Clause,概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。（在句子中作定语）,1.He is a clever boy.,2.He is a boy who is very clever.,形容词作定语,从句作定语，修饰,boy,，故叫作定语从句。,He is a boy who is very clever.,先行词 定语从句,关系词,定语从句中，,关系代词有：,that,which,who,whom,whose,关系副词有：,when,where,why,注意,how,和,what,不可以引导定语从句,！但是两者都可以引导,名词性从句,。如,定语从句中先行词是,the way,，则可以用,in which,、,that,或省略关系词来引导,。,如：,I dont know,how I can solve the problem.,That is how he solved the problem.,That is the way in which/that he solved the problem.,也就是说，,how=the way in which/that,，同理,what,不能引导定从，先行词后需加,that/which,，因为,what=,先行词,定语从句的种类,分类,用法,定语从句,限制性定语从句,对先行词起,修饰限制,作用,非限制性定语从句,对先行词起,补充说明,作用。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由,逗号,隔开。,例句：,1.He has two sons,who work in the same company.,（,He has only two sons.,）,他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。,2.He has two sons who work in the same company.,（,Perhaps he has more than two sons.,）他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。,3.He failed in the match,which was a great pity.,（非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子）,（,=He failed in the match,and it was a great pity.,）,他在比赛中失败了，这太令人遗憾了。,练一练：,That is his father,and he works in Shanghai.,That is his father,_ works in Shanghai.,I like the boy,who is very lovely.,I like the boy,_ he is very lovely.,He told me a story yesterday,and I thought it was very interesting.,He told me a story yesterday,_ I thought was very interesting.,who,because/for,which,关系代词的用法,限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法,先行词指人,作主语：,who/that,as,作宾语：,作定语：,whose,of whom,及物动词宾语或没被提前的介词宾语：,who/whom/that,as,被提前的介词宾语：,whom,先行词指物,作主语：,which/that,as,作宾语：,作定语：,whose/of which,及物动词宾语或没被提前的介词宾语：,that/which,as,被提前的介词宾语：,which,先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，常用,who/that,引导，且不能省略。,如：,She is the girl,who/that,lives next door.,2.,先行词指物且在定语从句中作主语，常用,that/which,引导，且不能省略。,如：,The work,that/which,has just been finished is very important.,3.,先行词指物且在定语从句中作宾语，用,that/which,引导，且可省略,that/which,。,如：,That is the book,(that/which),I want to read.,4.,先行词指人且在定语从句中作宾语，用,whom/who/that,引导，且可省略,whom/who/that,。,如：,Thats the girl,(who/whom/that),I teach.,5.,先行词指人或物且在定语从句中作定语，用,whose,或,of whom/of which,引导。,如：,This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.,=This is the scientist,the achievements of whom are well known.,=This is he scientist,of whom the achievements are well known.,This is the house whose window broke last night.,=This is the house,the window of which broke last night.,=This is the house,of which the window broke last night.,（注意等号后定语从句中的定冠词）,6.as,引导限制性定语从句常用下列句式：,such as+,名词,+as,像,一样的，像,之类的,such,（,pron.,）,+as,像,.,一样的，像,之类的,the same+,名词,+as,和,同样的,如：,We have found such materials as are used in their factory.,（,as,作主语,）,This book is not such as I expected.,（,as,作宾语,）,I have the same book as he has.,（,as,作宾语,）,练一练：（用,who,whom,that,which,whose,as,填空）,The house _ windows face the north belongs to him.,The man _ you met just now is my old friend.,The man _ is walking in the playground is my old friend.,Take the book _ is lying on the table.,She is such a girl _ is always finding fault with other people.,whose,who/whom/that,who/that,which/that,as,非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法,先行词指人,先行词指物,作主语：,who,作宾语：,作定语：,whose,of whom,作主语：,which,作宾语：,作定语：,whose/of which,及物动词宾语：,who/whom,被提前的介词宾语：,whom,及物动词宾语：,which,被提前的介词宾语：,which,先行词指句子：只能作主语或宾语，关系代词用,which/as,1.,关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。,如：,I want to but a dictionary,which is valuable to my learning.(which,不能省略,),我想买本字典，字典对我的学习很有价值。,2.who,（主语，宾语），,whom,（宾语），,which,（主语，宾语）不能用,that,代替。,如：,This is New York,which I have visited for several times.(which,不能用,that,代替,),这就是纽约，我参观过这里好几次了。,3.which,引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是个句子。,如：,He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.,（先行词为整个主句）,他又迟到了，这使老师很不高兴。,4.,关系代词,as,也可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为句子，,as,在从句中作主语、宾语等。,如：,As we know,China is a developing country.,我们知道，中国是个发展中国家。,As is known to us all,China is in the east of Asia.,众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。,关系代词除上面的基本用法外，还有下列特殊用法：,1.,有时为了使表达的意思更清楚，用：“,which+,名词”引导定语从句。,He advised me to hide behind the door,which advice I took at once.,他建议我躲在门后，我立即照着做了。,2.“,介词,+,关系代词”引导的定语从句,（,1,）当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词常用,which,或,whom,，并且不能省略。,He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,他付给男孩,10,美元擦洗,10,扇窗户，这,10,扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。,In the dark street,there wasnt a person,to whom she could turn for help.,在黑暗的街道上一个人也没有，她没有人可以求助。,（,2,）在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用,that/which,（指物），,that/whom/who,（指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,This is the hero that/who/whom,（可省略）,we are proud of.,这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。,This is the pen that/which,（可省略）,I wrote the letter with.,这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。,（,3,）在非限制性定语从句中，“介词,+which/whom”,中的介词不能移到从句的后面。,He has visited Guan No.One High School for several times,in which he has many friends.(in,不能放在定语从句句末,),他已经参观固安一中几次了，在那里他有很多朋友。,（,4,）“复合介词短语,+,关系代词,which”,引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。,He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree.,他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一颗又大又高的树。,（,5,）“介词,+which/whom+,不定式”结构。,The poor man has no house in which to live.,=The poor man has no house(that/which)he can live in.,=The poor man has no house in which he can live.,=The poor man has no house to live in.,那个穷人没房子住。,题组训练,1.He may win th