单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/1/12,#,Caring for our neighbors,关爱我们的邻居,2020,耶鲁大学校长毕业致辞,视频欣赏：,Graduates of the Class of 2020,family members,and friends:,It is a,privilege,to be able to speak with you,even in this unusual way.I know you would rather be on campus and I wish you could be here but I am glad we can all,do our part,to reduce the,transmission,of COVID-19 and stay healthy.,privilege,/pr,v,l,d,/,n,荣幸；荣耀,(,近,honour),文中句型：,It is a privilege to be able to do sth.,很荣幸,能够做某事,。,do one,s part,尽自己的一份力,transmission,/tr,nsm,n/,n,传播,2020,届全体毕业生及其家人和朋友们：,非常荣幸能在此给大家讲话，尽管方式不同于以往。我知道你们更愿意去学校,我也希望你们能在这里,但我很高兴我们都能尽自己所能降低,COVID-19,的传播，同时保护好自己的健康。,Over the past several months,the novel coronavirus has spread around the,globe,infecting millions and,claiming,far too many,lives,.It has come to nearly every community;it has come here,to Yales,doorstep,.,This crisis has been,a wake-up call,for all of us.It has stretched health care systems to the,breaking point,.It has threatened economies,both household and global.,claim.life/lives,(,战争、事故等,),夺去,的生命,尤其用于新闻报道中,doorstep,/d,rstep/,n,门阶,a wake-up call,让人警醒的事情；警钟,该词的基本义是,“,电话叫醒,(,服务,)”,breaking point,极限,本文中的用法是：,stretch.to breaking point,使,达到极限,过去几个月，新冠肺炎在全球范围内蔓延，已导致数百万人感染，夺走了很多人的生命。它几乎到遍了每一个社区，也来到了耶鲁的门前。,这场危机为我们所有人敲响了警钟。它使医疗保健系统达到了崩溃的边缘。它威胁着经济，小到家庭，大至全球。,And,like many tragedies,it has exposed the vast,gulf,between the most fortunate and the most,vulnerable,.Long after the pandemic itself has,subsided,we will need to,commit ourselves to,finding new and creative solutions to these long-term problems.,gulf,/,lf/,n,鸿沟；隔阂,文中搭配为：,the gulf between.and.,vulnerable,/v,ln,r,bl/,adj,脆弱的；易受伤害的,subside,/s,bsa,d/,vi,减弱；消退,构词：,sub-(under)+sid(settle,sit)+e,，坐下来，降下来,commit oneself to(doing)sth,使自己承担（做）某事的义务,而且，就像许多悲剧一样，它暴露了最幸运和最弱势的群体之间的巨大鸿沟。在疫情结束后，我们需要致力于为这些长期问题找到创新的解决方案,。,It may be too early to say what we have learned from all of this.But,at the,least,we see more,sharply,than before our,interdependence,as a human community.Our deep levels of connection and need for one another are a weakness that infectious diseases,exploit,.But our interdependence is also a source of strength and,vitality,in uncertain times indeed,all the time.,at the(very)least,(,常用于数量之后,),至少；最少,sharply,/,rpli/,adv,明显地,(,近,clearly),熟词生义,interdependence,/,nt,d,pend,ns/,n,相互依赖,构词：,inter-(between,among)+dependence,exploit,/,kspl,t/,vt,利用,vitality,/va,t,l,ti/,n,生命力；活力,现在来说我们从这次疫情中学到什么，可能还为时尚早，但至少，我们比以前更清晰地看到我们作为人类社会的相互依存关系。我们之间深层次的连结和对彼此的需要成为了被传染病利用的弱点。但在充满不确定的时代之下，我们之间的相互依赖也是力量和活力的源泉 事实上，一直如此。,Many of us have found inspiration in the sacrifices of,frontline,hospital and health care workers;in the commitment of essential staff;and in the contributions of public health experts and,legions,of volunteers.All around us,we have seen ordinary people transformed into heroes.,What does it mean to be called to,heroism,to step out of your normal life and do something extraordinary?How do we know if we will respond to such a call?,frontline,/fr,ntl,n/,n,前线；一线,构词：,front+line,legion,/li,d,n/,n,正式用语,大量；大批,常用搭配：,legions of,heroism,/hero,z,m/,n,英雄主义,从一线医院和医护人员付出的牺牲、坚守岗位的工作人员的尽职承诺、在公共卫生专家和志愿者的无私奉献中，我们备受鼓舞。在我们的身边，我们看到一个个普通人变成了英雄。,被感召走向英雄主义，走出你的日常生活，去做一些不平凡的事情，这意味着什么？我们如何知道自己是否会响应这样的号召?,Perhaps the most famous story of this kind is the,Parable,of the Good,Samaritan,.You are probably familiar with it:A man is traveling along a road when he is attacked by robbers,who leave him for dead.Three men pass by:the first two,who are men of high,standing,ignore the injured man.The third man a Samaritan,a social,outcast,stops to help.,parable,/p,r,bl/,n,（,尤指圣经中的）寓言故事,Samaritan,/s,m,r,t,n/,n,撒马利亚人；乐善好施者,standing,/st,nd,/,n,地位；身份,outcast,/a,tk,st/,n,被抛弃者；被排斥者,这方面的故事，最广为人知的莫过于“好撒玛利亚人”的寓言。你们可能听过这个故事：有个人在路上遭遇了强盗，被打的半死扔在路边。有三个人从旁边走过：前两个是身居高位的人，他们对受伤的人不理不睬。第三个人是撒玛利亚人，一个被社会遗弃的人，他停了下来对这个人施以援手。,He,tends to,the dying mans wounds,puts him on his own donkey,and takes,him to an inn,where he pays for his stay.He even tells the innkeeper he will come back and pay for anything else the man needs.The Samaritan is a true neighbor to the dying man,and he is the unexpected hero of the parable.,One of the classic studies from my field of social psychology takes the Good Samaritan as its,jumping off point,.In the 1970s,two psychologists conducted an experiment to understand why people help or dont.,tend to,照顾；照管,jumping-off point,n,出发点；起点,他,帮,助这个奄奄一息的人,处理完伤口，扶上自己的驴子，驮到一家旅馆，并支付了费用。他甚至向店主承诺他将回来把这个人所需的额外费用付清。这个撒玛利亚人可谓是这个伤者真正的邻舍，也是这个寓言里预料之外的英雄。,在我所从事的社会心理学领域，有一个经典的研究，就是借这位撒玛利亚人的故事为出发点。1970年代，两位心理学家做了一项实验，研究人们为什么会提供帮助，或者为什么袖手旁观。,They chose a group of,seminary,students who were studying to be,ministers,.,The students were told they needed to go to a nearby building to prepare,sermons,on what else?the parable of the Good Samaritan.Then they were divided into three groups.The first group was told they had plenty of time before they needed to be at the other building.The second group was told they needed to hurry,or they would be late.The third group was told they were al